{"id":299,"date":"2020-12-03T07:48:29","date_gmt":"2020-12-03T06:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/parlonstechs.com\/all\/?p=299"},"modified":"2020-12-03T07:48:30","modified_gmt":"2020-12-03T06:48:30","slug":"la-chine-et-les-gafa-grands-gagnants-de-la-crise-du-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/parlonstechs.com\/all\/2020\/12\/03\/la-chine-et-les-gafa-grands-gagnants-de-la-crise-du-covid-19\/","title":{"rendered":"La Chine et les Gafa, grands gagnants de la crise du Covid-19"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"La<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s le choc de la crise du Covid-19, la Chine pourtant \u00e0 l’origine de la pand\u00e9mie – et les Gafa (Google, Amazon, Facebook et Apple) ont tir\u00e9 leur \u00e9pingle du jeu. En 2020, la Chine devrait \u00eatre la seule grande \u00e9conomie \u00e0 afficher une croissance. Elle a m\u00eame accru sa part de march\u00e9 dans le commerce mondial.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si la crise du Covid-19<\/strong> a rendu\u00a0exsangues\u00a0de nombreuses grandes puissances occidentales, entre bond du ch\u00f4mage et de la dette publique et choc sur la croissance, la\u00a0Chine\u00a0<\/strong>et les\u00a0GAFA\u00a0<\/strong>peuvent\u00a0avoir le sourire… Leur mont\u00e9e en puissance est en effet patente. 1929 fut un krach boursier, 2008, une crise financi\u00e8re… En 2020, le choc est exog\u00e8ne mais paralyse, du jour au lendemain, l’ensemble des secteurs \u00e9conomiques \u00ab\u00a0physiques\u00a0\u00bb. En avril, 20,5 millions d’emplois ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truits aux Etats-Unis. Les mesures de confinement qui, en avril, ont touch\u00e9 la moiti\u00e9 de l’humanit\u00e9, sont un choc inou\u00ef pour une \u00e9conomie mondiale fonctionnant \u00e0 flux tendu, sans stocks, avec des cha\u00eenes de production \u00e9clat\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les avions, qui transportent habituellement 4,3 milliards de personnes par an, sont clou\u00e9s au sol. Le tourisme de masse, qui repr\u00e9sente 10,5% du PIB mondial, s’arr\u00eate. Les porte-containers restent \u00e0 quai, et avec eux des milliers de membres d’\u00e9quipage.Transports et usines tournent au ralenti, petits commerces, restaurants et th\u00e9\u00e2tres baissent le rideau. A l’inverse, les nouvelles technologies, les t\u00e9l\u00e9coms, la distribution en ligne ou la pharmacie tirent profit de cette crise parfois qualifi\u00e9e de \u00ab\u00a0darwinienne\u00a0\u00bb, qui acc\u00e9l\u00e8re la transition vers le num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A la diff\u00e9rence de 2008, les pays \u00e9mergents subissent la crise de plein fouet d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but. Leurs exportations chutent, les prix des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res aussi. En 2020, le FMI pr\u00e9voit une r\u00e9cession mondiale de 4,4%. L’espoir d’une reprise rapide en V a fait long feu avec les reconfinements de l’automne, augurant d’une ann\u00e9e 2021 encore tr\u00e8s perturb\u00e9e. Les avanc\u00e9es sur le front des vaccins en novembre laissent cependant entrevoir une sortie de crise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autre diff\u00e9rence avec les crises pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes, la r\u00e9ponse des gouvernements a \u00e9t\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate et massive, \u00ab\u00a0quoi qu’il en co\u00fbte\u00a0\u00bb, selon la formule du pr\u00e9sident fran\u00e7ais Emmanuel Macron. Mais rien n’aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 possible sans la R\u00e9serve f\u00e9d\u00e9rale am\u00e9ricaine, la Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne, la Banque d’Angleterre ou du Japon, qui ont ouvert grand les vannes pour acqu\u00e9rir massivement des titres de dette, principalement d’Etats. Les gouvernements laissent filer les d\u00e9ficits: la dette de la zone euro devrait d\u00e9passer 100% du PIB en 2020. Quelque 11.000 milliards de dollars ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pens\u00e9s par les Etats du G20 pour soutenir les entreprises ou les m\u00e9nages. Sans emp\u00eacher malgr\u00e9 tout des vagues de licenciements. Les Etats-Unis comptent pour le quart de ces d\u00e9penses. L’Union europ\u00e9enne a accouch\u00e9 d’un plan de relance de 750 milliards d’euros, financ\u00e9 par un emprunt commun, qui reste toutefois \u00e0 mettre en oeuvre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Berceau de la pand\u00e9mie, la Chine est d’abord fragilis\u00e9e par ce virus qui la plonge dans une r\u00e9cession historique (-6,8% au 1er trimestre). Accus\u00e9 d’avoir tard\u00e9 \u00e0 informer l\u2019Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9, P\u00e9kin est montr\u00e9 du doigt. Mais la plan\u00e8te ne s’en rue pas moins sur les masques \u00ab\u00a0made in China\u00a0\u00bb. En 2020, la Chine devrait finalement \u00eatre la seule grande \u00e9conomie \u00e0 afficher une croissance, estim\u00e9e \u00e0 1,9% par le FMI. Elle a m\u00eame accru sa part de march\u00e9 dans le commerce mondial, gr\u00e2ce aux exportations de produits m\u00e9dicaux et aux \u00e9quipements de t\u00e9l\u00e9travail, selon l’assureur-cr\u00e9dit Euler Hermes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tandis que les Etats-Unis sont embourb\u00e9s dans la pand\u00e9mie et une transition pr\u00e9sidentielle difficile, l'\u00a0\u00bbEmpire du milieu\u00a0\u00bb continue d’avancer ses pions. Mi-novembre, il a sign\u00e9 un accord commercial r\u00e9unissant 15 pays d’Asie et du Pacifique, le plus vaste au monde. La Chine d\u00e9tient aussi en grande partie la cl\u00e9 du probl\u00e8me grandissant de la dette des pays pauvres, qu’elle poss\u00e8de \u00e0 plus de 60%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Google, Amazon, Facebook et Apple ont profit\u00e9 des confinements qui ont d\u00e9multipli\u00e9 les utilisateurs des r\u00e9seaux sociaux, comme les achats sur internet. Le chiffre d’affaires d’Amazon s’est envol\u00e9 de 37% au 3e trimestre, \u00e0 96 milliards de dollars. \u00ab\u00a0Les groupes forts deviennent encore plus forts\u00a0\u00bb, r\u00e9sume l’analyste Daniel Ives de Wedbush Securities. Et leurs actions flambent en Bourse: +31% pour Google, +34% pour Facebook, +36% pour Microsoft, +58% pour Apple et +72% pour Amazon depuis le 1er janvier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette h\u00e9g\u00e9monie ne va pas sans contestation. Abus de position dominante, diffusion de contenus haineux, d\u00e9sinformation, utilisation des donn\u00e9es personnelles, optimisation fiscale, partage in\u00e9quitable des revenus au d\u00e9triment des m\u00e9dias, conditions de travail: les griefs et les proc\u00e9dures s’accumulent des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de l’Atlantique contre ces g\u00e9ants qui sont de v\u00e9ritables \u00ab\u00a0adversaires des Etats\u00a0\u00bb, selon le ministre fran\u00e7ais de l’Economie Bruno Le Maire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Capital<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apr\u00e8s le choc de la crise du Covid-19, la Chine pourtant \u00e0 l’origine de la pand\u00e9mie – et les Gafa (Google, Amazon, Facebook et Apple) ont tir\u00e9 leur \u00e9pingle du […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":300,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[37],"class_list":["post-299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualite","tag-bigtechs"],"yoast_head":"\nLa Chine et les Gafa, grands gagnants de la crise du Covid-19 - Parlons Techs - Store<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/parlonstechs.com\/all\/2020\/12\/03\/la-chine-et-les-gafa-grands-gagnants-de-la-crise-du-covid-19\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Chine et les Gafa, grands gagnants de la crise du Covid-19 - 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