{"id":4591,"date":"2023-05-23T06:29:34","date_gmt":"2023-05-23T04:29:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/parlonstechs.com\/all\/?p=4591"},"modified":"2023-05-23T06:31:56","modified_gmt":"2023-05-23T04:31:56","slug":"il-y-a-40-ans-la-decouverte-du-virus-du-sida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/parlonstechs.com\/all\/2023\/05\/23\/il-y-a-40-ans-la-decouverte-du-virus-du-sida\/","title":{"rendered":"Il y a 40 ans: La d\u00e9couverte du virus du sida"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il y a\u00a040\u00a0ans, la d\u00e9couverte du virus du sida par une \u00e9quipe parisienne de l’Institut Pasteur marquait la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape de la lutte contre une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie qui allait faire plus de\u00a040\u00a0millions de morts.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0L’isolement\u00a0\u00bb du nouveau virus est signal\u00e9 le 20 mai 1983 dans un article publi\u00e9 par le magazine am\u00e9ricain Science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les auteurs de la d\u00e9couverte,\u00a0Fran\u00e7oise Barr\u00e9-Sinoussi,\u00a0Jean-Claude Chermann\u00a0et\u00a0Luc Montagnier, y adoptent un ton prudent: ce virus \u00ab\u00a0pourrait \u00eatre impliqu\u00e9 dans plusieurs syndromes pathologiques, dont le sida\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9crivent-ils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La recherche sur le sida est, \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque, t\u00e2tonnante. La maladie, nouvelle, rec\u00e8le beaucoup de myst\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Maladie des quatre H\u00a0\u00bb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les premi\u00e8res alertes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9es aux\u00a0Etats-Unis\u00a0deux ans plus t\u00f4t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des maladies rares, la pneumocystose et le sarcome de Kaposi, sont signal\u00e9es \u00e0 l’\u00e9t\u00e9 1981 chez de jeunes homosexuels am\u00e9ricains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les m\u00e9decins s’interrogent: pourquoi ces infections \u00ab\u00a0opportunistes\u00a0\u00bb habituellement r\u00e9serv\u00e9es \u00e0 des personnes tr\u00e8s affaiblies, chez des jeunes gays jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent en parfaite sant\u00e9 ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les experts am\u00e9ricains parlent d’une \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9pid\u00e9mie chez les hommes homosexuels et les utilisateurs de drogue\u00a0\u00bb. La maladie n’a pas encore de nom et s’\u00e9tend.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On observe que la population ha\u00eftienne est \u00e9galement touch\u00e9e. On se met \u00e0 parler de la \u00ab\u00a0maladie des trois H\u00a0\u00bb pour homosexuels, h\u00e9ro\u00efnomanes et Ha\u00eftiens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un quatri\u00e8me \u00ab\u00a0H\u00a0\u00bb vient s’ajouter bient\u00f4t: les h\u00e9mophiles, eux aussi touch\u00e9s. On parle alors de la \u00ab\u00a0maladie des quatre H\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le terme \u00ab\u00a0aids\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0acquired immune deficiency syndrome\u00a0\u00bb) est utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de septembre 1982. En fran\u00e7ais: \u00ab\u00a0sida\u00a0\u00bb pour syndrome d’immunod\u00e9ficience acquise<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’hypoth\u00e8se d’un r\u00e9trovirus<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La cause du sida demeure inconnue. Certains se lancent sur la piste d’un \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9trovirus\u00a0\u00bb, comme\u00a0Robert Gallo, grand sp\u00e9cialiste am\u00e9ricain de cette famille de virus provoquant des cancers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De l’autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l’Atlantique, \u00e0 Paris, le laboratoire d’oncologie virale dirig\u00e9 par Luc Montagnier \u00e0 l’Institut Pasteur se met \u00e9galement au travail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au tout d\u00e9but de l’ann\u00e9e 1983, l’infectiologue parisien Willy Rozenbaum r\u00e9alise \u00e0 l’h\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re un pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement sur les ganglions d’un malade \u00e0 un stade pr\u00e9coce du sida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement arrive le 3 janvier sur les paillasses du laboratoire de l’Institut Pasteur. \u00ab\u00a0A la nuit tomb\u00e9e (…), je me mets au travail\u00a0\u00bb, raconte Montagnier, disparu en 2022, dans son livre \u00ab\u00a0Des virus et des hommes\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avec Fran\u00e7oise Barr\u00e9-Sinoussi et Jean-Claude Chermann, il d\u00e9tecte un nouveau r\u00e9trovirus qu’ils baptisent LAV pour Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Nous avions isol\u00e9 le virus, nous avions fait la d\u00e9monstration que c’\u00e9tait un r\u00e9trovirus mais nous n’avions pas encore la certitude qu’il \u00e9tait la cause du sida\u00a0\u00bb, raconte \u00e0 l’AFP Fran\u00e7oise Barr\u00e9-Sinoussi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Personne ne nous croyait\u00a0\u00bb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La publication en mai dans Science de la d\u00e9couverte est accueillie avec scepticisme, en particulier par Robert Gallo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’\u00e9quipe de Pasteur devient, elle, de plus en plus persuad\u00e9e que son LAV est responsable du sida. Montagnier pr\u00e9sente des donn\u00e9es en ce sens en septembre 1983 \u00e0 une poign\u00e9e d’experts dont Gallo. Peu de r\u00e9action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Pendant une ann\u00e9e, nous savions que nous avions le bon virus (…) mais personne ne nous croyait et nos publications \u00e9taient refus\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb, rapporte Luc Montagnier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coup de tonnerre, au printemps 1984: Gallo soumet une s\u00e9rie d’articles pour annoncer sa d\u00e9couverte d’un nouveau r\u00e9trovirus, HTLV-3, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme la \u00ab\u00a0cause probable\u00a0\u00bb du sida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 23 avril, Margaret Heckler, la secr\u00e9taire am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 la Sant\u00e9 officialise l’annonce avec Gallo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00eame jour, ce dernier d\u00e9pose une demande de brevet aux Etats-Unis pour un test de d\u00e9pistage du sida, bas\u00e9 sur sa d\u00e9couverte, promptement accord\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une demande similaire d\u00e9pos\u00e9e auparavant par Pasteur apr\u00e8s sa d\u00e9couverte du LAV avait \u00e9t\u00e9 refus\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant rapidement Gallo et Montagnier conviennent qu’HTLV-3 et LAV ne sont probablement qu’un seul et m\u00eame organisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La preuve de leur unicit\u00e9 est donn\u00e9e en janvier 1985. Ce nouveau virus est finalement nomm\u00e9 VIH (virus de l’immunod\u00e9ficience humaine) en 1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

France et Etats-Unis se disputent la paternit\u00e9 de la d\u00e9couverte jusqu’en 1987, date d’un accord franco-am\u00e9ricain o\u00f9 Gallo et Montagnier sont qualifi\u00e9s de \u00ab\u00a0cod\u00e9couvreurs\u00a0\u00bb du virus du sida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce diff\u00e9rend n’est pas seulement une question d’honneur scientifique. C’est surtout une question financi\u00e8re en raison des royalties tir\u00e9s des tests de d\u00e9pistage d\u00e9coulant directement des d\u00e9couvertes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le v\u00e9ritable \u00e9pilogue interviendra en 2008, avec l’attribution du prix Nobel de m\u00e9decine aux seuls Fran\u00e7ais Montagnier et Barr\u00e9-Sinoussi \u00ab\u00a0pour leur d\u00e9couverte\u00a0\u00bb du VIH.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

avec afp et lepoint<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Il y a\u00a040\u00a0ans, la d\u00e9couverte du virus du sida par une \u00e9quipe parisienne de l’Institut Pasteur marquait la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape de la lutte contre une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie qui allait faire plus […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4594,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,206,229,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualite","category-medecine","category-sante","category-sciences"],"yoast_head":"\nIl y a 40 ans: La d\u00e9couverte du virus du sida - Parlons Techs - Store<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/parlonstechs.com\/all\/2023\/05\/23\/il-y-a-40-ans-la-decouverte-du-virus-du-sida\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Il y a 40 ans: La d\u00e9couverte du virus du sida - 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